Common Types
Shoulder Bursitis
Subacromial Bursa: Often affects this bursa, leading to pain and a restricted range of motion.
Elbow Bursitis
Olecranon Bursitis: Causes pain and swelling at the back of the elbow.
Hip Bursitis
Trochanteric Bursa: Leads to hip discomfort and soreness.
Knee Bursitis
Infrapatellar or Prepatellar Bursa: Commonly known as “housemaid’s knee,” it affects this bursa and causes swelling.
Causes of Bursitis
Motion Repetitive or Overuse
Irritation from frequent or repetitive activities, such as throwing sports or typing.
Injury or Trauma
Resulting from direct impact or trauma to a joint.
Contamination
Bacterial infections can cause septic bursitis, especially if the bursa is damaged or exposed to bacteria.
Health Issues
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disease causing bursa inflammation. Pseudogout and Gout: Crystal deposits in joints can lead to bursitis. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Autoimmune condition that may affect the bursae.
Improper Body Mechanics or Posture
Poor posture or mechanics can stress joints and bursae.
Growing Older
Decreased elasticity in the bursa with age can increase susceptibility.
Overweight
Extra strain on joints and bursae due to excess weight.
Fundamental Medical Conditions
Conditions like diabetes or thyroid issues can influence bursitis risk.
Symptoms
Pain
Localized to the affected area, worsening with movement or pressure.
Swelling
Noticeable swelling near the joint.
Tenderness
Sensitive to touch.
Reduced Range of Motion
Difficulty in fully moving the joint.
Diagnosis
Medical History and Physical Examination
Evaluation of symptoms and affected area.
Imaging Tests
MRI, ultrasound, or X-rays to assess inflammation and rule out other conditions.
Fluid Analysis
Sample of fluid from the bursa may be analyzed for anomalies or infections.
Treatment of Bursitis
Rest and Activity Modification
Rest: Avoid activities that aggravate bursitis. Change Activities: Modify or switch up activities to prevent further irritation.
Ice Application
Apply Ice: Use an ice pack on the affected area several times a day for 15 to 20 minutes.
Medications
NSAIDs: Ibuprofen or naproxen to reduce pain and inflammation. Corticosteroids: Injections to relieve severe inflammation.
Physical Therapy
Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Guided by a physical therapist to improve range of motion and strengthen muscles. Physical Therapy Methods: Joint mobilization or massage for symptom relief.
Fluid Drainage (Aspiration)
Drain the Bursa: Needle extraction of excess fluid in cases of severe swelling or infection.
Antibiotics (For Septic Bursitis)
Antibiotics: Prescribed for bacterial infections causing bursitis.
Heat Application
Apply Heat: Helps relax tense muscles around the joint once initial irritation has subsided.
Protective Measures
Use Cushions or Pads: Particularly for prepatellar bursitis, to prevent additional irritation.
Surgical Intervention
Surgery: Considered if other treatments fail and bursitis persists, involving the removal of the inflamed bursa.
Prevention
Avoid Repetitive Movements
Adjust activities to reduce joint stress.
Use Proper Equipment
Ergonomic or protective tools to lessen strain.
Strengthen Muscles
Regular exercise to build stronger surrounding muscles.
Conclusion
Bursitis, an inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs cushioning joints, can cause significant pain and limited mobility. Commonly affecting the knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow, its causes include repetitive motions, injuries, infections, and underlying health conditions. Treatment involves physical therapy, medication, ice, rest, and sometimes fluid drainage or surgery. Preventive measures include avoiding repetitive strain, using proper equipment, and maintaining muscle strength. With appropriate care, most cases resolve, allowing patients to return to their regular activities and minimize recurrence.
